Color model



Jan. 89

A.S.ALLEN COLOR MODEL Filed Jan. 18. 1921 2 sheats fiheat 1 MA/m9- 7mm;

Jan! 8,1924.

A;svALLEN COLOR MODEL}: :1

Filed Jan. -18. 1921 2 s eets-s eet" :12".

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Patented Jan. 8, 1924.

UNITED sores "AZTENT ARTHUR s-.- ALLEN, or Home TARRYTOVTNQNEWI YORK, AssIoNon 'ro Mir-Neath conorv COMPANY, mo, or nnw, Yemen. '51., A- coeroanrronflor NEWVVYORK.

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Application filed January 18, 1921. Serial No; 438,106.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALRTHUR,S., ALLEN, a

citizen of the United States, residing- 'at.

North: Tarrytown, in the county of West- Chester and State of New York, have ll'l-' 'Vented new and useful Emprovements 1n The main object 0t my invention: is to provide a convenient device for. displaying and comparing colors arrangedin accordance with the said color system, and for" this purpose I- have employed dem'ountable blocks supported upon horizontal arms; eX-I tending radially from independent rotatable collars upon a central standard, and alsoto provide means fonloclnng the collars together and for" rotating tlieni' simultaneously. 7 In the accompanying drawing:-illustrating my invention Fig; I is a plan view, and 'Fig'. 2' a vertical sectional View oi: the standard and portions of the device; Fig". ixi'sa per-- spective View of onset the demountable 2:0 blocks. a

Referring to the drawin g,:5 is a vertical cylindrical? post or standard on which-is supported a plurality of rotatable collars-n numbering from 6 to be both inclusive, to each: or: which are secured ten radial arms, The armed are secured to-thez collar 6, the

arm's T are; secured to the collar 7 and the. other series of arms in like mannerbear. the 1 same numeral as the collar to which they are secured plus theexponent' letter a.

I do not limit my invention to the mini:- ber of collars and radial arms shown,v as

the usermay employ more or less series of.

arms or a greater or less number of arms in each series, a'ccordingtoi the fineness: otcolor l6 isdriven with a. crank 19 by means? of? which and the driving belt 19 the pulleys 15 and- 16 are driven. Through each of the collars 6 to 145 and the pulley 1:5 is. a vertical.

hole. hen the collars are set sowt-ha t the holes register, the collars may be locked to gether bythe pin or'rocl' 20 inserted throughv the holes, as shown in Fig. 2.

I do not limit my invention to the particu';

lar means shown of locking the collars to--. gether, or to the means shown of rotating the same. --Any means for rotating the collars simultaneously may be employed as,

' within my invention. Slidably mounted on each arm are slotted blocksQkl. 'IPheymay; be supported in any suitable manner so as to be readily removable. The arms 10?" are coloredra neutralgray of middle valuebetwecn black and white; the arms: 1 1. to 14 are; colored: neutralr gray ofhghter value than.

that oi the arms LOP-the arm'silil being lighterin value than the arms 10*, and the aams 'l2el ghter in. value than the armsll and so on. The purpose is to providean arrangement that will permit'the'useofan: indefinite number of collars with radial arms attached, and to arrange themeso that the middle collar and its armswi'll be neutral gray midwaybetween white and black; and the collars and their arms above the"; middle collar will be of ll ht'er value" progressing upwardly by .uni orm degrees towards white likewise the collars and their respectivearmsbel-ow the middle collar 10 willbe a neutral gray of darker value thanthatoil the-collar lOand'i tsa-rins, progressing down on I wardly' by: uniform degree's towards blackz' V I am using the term valuetoexpress the quality or dimension of luminosity; is

important in acolor system to establislra strictly neutral. color efiect as" a central standard of comparison,that' is, the neutral elfect'producedupon the eye by pigments available in commerce. Wllhi le colors of the spectrum when combined in light form: white, which is the theoretical or ideal neutral effect, itis-well known that such result is not attainable in pigments, and that when the colors of the spectrum embodied in. pigments arecombinedthe result is gray and not white. It is desirable" in constructinga value scale to producenot only a. neu tral gray, that is, one'that' has an absence of color, buton'e that produces the sensation t'o-th'e human eye of a point midway'between black and white. I have therefore adopted the logical arrangement or placing the collar of middle neutral gray midway of the post or standard 5, and given the collars below darker values of gray descending progressively to black, and the upper ones lighter values ofgray ascending progressively to white.

The blocks 21 are provided with slots 22 to fit upon their respective arms and slide freely thereon. These blocks are colored in any suitable Way so as to present the various hues of the spectrum, namely, red, yellow-red, yellow, green-yellow, green, blue-green, blue, purple-blue, purple and red-purple.

In the arrangement of the bloc {S 21. I have adopted the classification of colors oi? the Munsell system as set forth in said Letters Patent, and applied in practice, which divides color into 5 principal hues, namely, red. yellow, green, blue and purple. I have also employed one intermediate hue between each two successive hues. that is to say, between red and yellow I place yellow red which to the eye presents a color etl'ect midway between red and yellow and of the same value as each. A similar course is pursued as to the intermediate colors between the other hues. It is not essential to my invention thatthe intermediate between red and yellow be designated specifically as yellow-red. I have adopted this term for convenience. Any other designation would accomplish the object.

The blocks on each of the arms are of a common hue. There are ten arms in each series and the sequence of hues in each series corresponds to the order and classification above given, and provides also for an ar rangement of complementary colors on arms opposite to each other,--that is to say for illustration, the arm bearing blocks colored red is oppositeto the arm bearing blocks colored blue-green. The blocks 21 on the arms 10 hear these hues in a common value, being the middle value between black and \vhite, that is of the same value as the neutral gray of the arms upon which they are mounted. The blocks on the arms located above the arms 10" bear hues of lighter value, being of the same value as that of the neutral gray of the arms upon which they are mounted respectively, and the blocks on the arms below the arms 1O bear hues of darlrervalue, being of the same value as the neutral gray of the arms carrying the blocks respectively. Adjacent blocks are separated by a slight space in which are interposed smaller blocks 23 bearing neutral gray of the same value as the arms on which they rest. This arrangement brings the hue of a given block in direct contrast with a neutral gray of the same value as the hue. This is a matter of of the same value as the hue.

' to bring into close great importance for comparison and determination of the degree of chroma of the particular hue. The distinction be tween the strength (chroma) ot a color and its value is apparent in the illustration that a middle neutral gray may have more or less strength of color such as red, green or other hue imparted to it without increasing or diminishing its luminosity and thereby still preserve its same value,that is to say a middle neutral gray may have a hue imparted to it of the same middle value that is equidistant between. black and White, thereby changing its chroma while still maintain ing the same value that it had before the hue was imparted to it. The blocks 21 on each arm while bearing the same hue andt-he same degree of value, differ in the degree of chroma,-the block nextto the-collar on each arm being of the weakest chroma, and that at the extremity of the arm being the strongest chroma, while those between are uniformly progressive in chroma from the weakest to the strongest. In teaching the Munsell system it is of great advantage to bring into close contrast a given hue in any degree of chroma with a neutral gray The eye be comes trained to perceive the contrast and to measure the degree of chroma.

My device enables the operator to present a great variety of combinations of color.

The collars on the standard may be turned separately at the pleasure of the user so as proximity hues of different values and o I complementary colors.

The hues are always adjacent to the neutral. gray arms showing in sharp contrast the degree of chroma of given blocks.- The blocks are demountable so that any selection of hue, chroma and value may be grouped together to present different color schemes, and the whole device may be spun and thereby the. colors blended into a liar-1 monious whole presenting the primary colors in continuous bands of various values from black to white. The demountabilityl of the blocks of color from the arms afiords an opportunity for the close comparison and contrast of colors otherwise remote from each other it allowed to remain fixed as on a chart.

What I claim and desire to secure by- Letters Patent is:

1. In a color display device, the combination of a standard, collars mounted thereon having radially extending arms, colored blocks detachably supported upon'the arms, the colors of the blocks on the same armhaving the same light value and each arm hearing a neutral gray color corresponding to the value of the colors of the blocks mounted thereon.

2. In a color display device,'the combination of a standard, a plurality of collars a neutral gray color of the same value as the collar to which they are secured.

3. In a color display device, the combination of a standard, a plurality of collars bearing neutral gray colors mounted on said standard of different values progressing uniformly from black to white, radial arms secured to each of said collars and bearing a neutral gray color of the same value as the collar to which they are secured, demountable blocks suspended on said arms and bearing colors of the spectrum, said colors on each arm being of the same degree of value as the neutral gray of said arm but of various degrees of chroma progressing uniformly in strength from the standard towards the extremity of the arm.

at. Ina device for displaying colors, a standard having a plurality of independently rotatable collars mounted thereon, a

series of radially extending arms securedto each collar and bearing demountable blocks carrying the colors of the spectrum," combined with means for locking the blocks together and rotating them simultaneously.

5; In a device for displaying colors, a standard having a plurality of independently rotatable collars mounted thereon, a series of radially extending arms secured to each collar and bearing demountaible blocks carrying the colors of the spectrum, combined with means for locking the blocks together, consisting-of perforations in the collars in alignment with each other, and ,a pin inserted therethrough, and 'means for rotating said collars-simultaneously.

In testimony whereof I have hereuntoset myl hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses, this seventh day of December.

ARTHUR S. ALLEN.

Witnesses: r e

SAMUEL I-I. GoLDnY,

HENRY WMQ BAUER. 

